Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity (Anim Syst Evol Divers, ASED) is published quarterly (Jan 31st, Apr 30th, Jul 31st, and Oct 31st) by the Korean Society of Systematic Zoology. Papers submitted to the Journal should be original contributions on systematics, conservation biology, and evolutionary biology with a preference toward systematic works such as discovery of new taxa, taxonomic reviews and revisions, phylogenetics and population genetics, biogeography and phylogeography, and biodiversity studies mainly concerning animal taxa of the Korean peninsula and surrounding areas of East Asia. Only manuscripts written in English are accepted. ASED follows the Open Access Journal policy. All contents of ASED are freely available online. Digital files can be read, downloaded, and printed freely, at http://kjsz.kofst.or.kr/PublishedPaper/before_list.asp, http://www.kpubs.org/journal/journalArchive.kpubs?kojic=DMBRBT or http://central.oak.go.kr/journallist/journallist.do?journal=10013.

Manuscripts for submission to the Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity should be prepared according to the following instructions.

ASED follows the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Com- mercial License available from: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/.

The regulations for acceptance of a manuscript for publication automatically include the consent of the author(s) to transfer the copyright and license to the Korean Society of Systematic Zoology. Authors will complete a Copyright Transfer Form at the time of proofreading. The corresponding author can sign on behalf of co-authors. The CAF can be downloaded from the online manuscript submission center at http://submission.e-ased.org., or obtained from the editorial office. Acceptance of the agreement will ensure full copyright protection and help to disseminate the article to the widest possible readership in print and electronic formats. Authors are responsible for obtaining permission to reproduce copyrighted material from other sources.
The authors assure that no substantial part of the work has been published or is being considered for publication elsewhere. When any of the results are to appear in another journal, details must be submitted to the Editor-in-Chief, together with a copy of the other paper(s) and the expected date(s) of publication.

Publisher, editors and reviewers do not assume any legal responsibility for errors, omissions or claims, nor do they provide any warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to information published in ASED.

The journal adheres to the ethical guidelines for research and publication described in Guidelines on Good Publication (http://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines) and the ICMJE Guidelines(http://www.icmje.org).

Authorship credit should be based on 1) substantial contri- butions to conception and design, acquisition of data, and/ or analysis and interpretation of data; 2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; 3) final approval of the version to be published; and 4) agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. Every author should meet all of these four conditions. After the initial submission of a manuscript, any changes whatsoever in authorship (adding author(s), deleting author(s), or re-arranging the order of authors) must be explained by a letter to the editor from the authors concerned. This letter must be signed by all authors of the paper.

- Corresponding author and first author: ASED does not allow multiple corresponding authors for one article. Only one author should correspond with the editorial office and readers for one article.
- Correction of authorship: Authorship may be changed before publication but after submission when an authorship correction is requested by all of the authors involved with the manuscript.

Submitted manuscripts must not have been previously published or be under consideration for publication elsewhere. No part of the accepted manuscript should be duplicated in any other scientific journal without the permission of the Editorial Board. Submitted manuscripts are screened for possible plagiarism or duplicate publication by CrossCheck upon arrival. If plagiarism or duplicate publication related to the papers of this journal is detected, the manuscripts may be rejected, the authors will be announced in the journal, and their institutions will be informed. There will also be penalties for the authors.
A letter of permission is required for any and all material that has been published previously. It is the responsibility of the author to request permission from the publisher for any material that is being reproduced. This requirement applies to text, figures, and tables.

It is possible to republish manuscripts if the manuscripts satisfy the conditions of secondary publication of the ICMJE Recom- mendations (http://www.icmje.org/urm_main.html).

The corresponding author must inform the editor of any potential conflicts of interest that could influence the authors’ interpretation of the data. Examples of potential conflicts of interest are financial support from or connections to companies, political pressure from interest groups, and academically related issues. In particular, all sources of funding applicable to the study should be explicitly stated.

When the journal faces suspected cases of research and publication misconduct such as redundant (duplicate) publication, plagiarism, fraudulent or fabricated data, changes in authorship, an undisclosed conflict of interest, ethical problems with a submitted manuscript, a reviewer who has appropriated an author’s idea or data, complaints against editors, and so on, the resolution process will follow the flowchart provided by the Committee on Publication Ethics (http://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts). The discussion and decision on the suspected cases are carried out by the Editorial Board.

The Editorial Board will continuously work to monitor and safeguard publication ethics: guidelines for retracting articles; maintenance of the integrity of the academic record; preclusion of business needs from compromising intellectual and ethical standards; publishing corrections, clarifications, retractions, and apologies when needed; and excluding plagiarism and fraudulent data. The editors maintain the following responsibilities: responsibility and authority to reject and accept articles; avoiding any conflict of interest with respect to articles they reject or accept; promoting publication of corrections or retractions when errors are found; and preservation of the anonymity of reviewers.

ASED has no article submission charges. Manuscript submission is only available through the online manuscript submission center at http://submission.e-ased.org.. Any researcher anywhere in the world can submit a manuscript if the scope of the manuscript is appropriate. Manuscripts should be submitted in English. Authors are required to have their manuscripts edited by a native English speaker before submission. Authors have to upload a certificate or a document in the submission process that they have followed the requirement. All manuscripts should be submitted as MS Word files (.doc or .docx files). Figures should be saved as one of the following formats: TIFF (tagged image file format), PostScript or EPS (encapsulated PostScript), and should contain all the necessary font information and the source file of the application (e.g. CorelDraw/Mac, CorelDraw/PC).
Submission instructions are available at the website. All articles submitted to the ASED must comply with these instructions. Failure to do so will result in return of the manuscript and possible delay in publication. As you prepare to submit your manuscript, a checklist for author(s) should be completed in the online manuscript submission center at http://submission.e-ased.org. For assistance please contact us via e-mail (systzoology@hanmail.net), telephone (+82-2-569-0133), or fax (+82-2-569-0144).

Peer review involves the following steps: 1) Editorial office checks formatting, 2) Editor-in-chief assigns a subject editor, 3) Subject editor assigns at least three peer reviewers, 4) Reviewers submit review reports, 5) Subject editor makes recommendations, 6) Editor-in-chief makes final decision, and 7) Author is informed of decision. An initial decision will normally be made within one month of receipt of a manuscript. However, the reviewing process will normally take longer, depending on the length of the manuscript and reviewer’s responses. A manuscript which has been published or of which a substantial portion has been published elsewhere will not be accepted. The Editor-in-Chief is responsible for final decisions regarding the acceptance of a peer-reviewed paper.

When a manuscript is returned to the corresponding author for revision, the reviewed manuscript must be re-submitted within one month. Failure to resubmit the revised manuscript within a month of the editorial decision is regarded as a withdrawal. The final version of accepted manuscript should be uploaded with a signed copyright transfer form available in the online manuscript submission center.

Manuscripts should be prepared using MS Word, in an A4 (210 × 297 mm) page format. Extra space should not be left between paragraphs. Only a single font (e.g., Times New Roman) in 12 point or greater should be used. All manuscript sheets must be numbered successively at the middle of the bottom. The abstract, each table, and the set of figure legends should be on separate sheets. Normally all parts of a manuscript together should not exceed 40 printed pages. Captions of plates/figures should be inserted where the figures are intended to appear within the text, or listed at the end of the manuscript. Vector diagrams/charts generated in programs such as MS Excel can be embedded in the text file as well. Professional quality lettering should be used for drawings. Typewriter labels are unacceptable. The manuscript style should conform to that of recent issues.

Original research articles focus on systematic zoology and evolutionary biology concerning the Korean peninsula and surrounding areas. The most desirable organization of the manuscript is as follows: Title Page, Abstract & Keywords, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results (or Systematic Accounts), Discussion (if applicable), Acknowledgments, References, Tables, and Figure Legends. Results and Discussion may be combined.

Short reports of original studies are accepted for publication. The manuscript organization for a short communication basically follows that of an original article but some sections may be combined as necessary.

Critical comments are welcomed for correcting errors of published facts and for providing alternative interpretations of published data. The sequence for a Letter to the Editor is title page, text, references, and names and affiliations of authors. If needed, tables and figures can be included. The text should be written without subdivision and without extra spacing between paragraphs. A Letter to the Editor should not be longer than a printed page.

Invited or submitted review papers are accepted. We prefer brief summaries of developments in fast moving areas or his- torical overviews of specific taxa in the Korean peninsula and surrounding areas of East Asia. Manuscripts include a title page (with a running head), abstract and keywords, text, references, tables, and figures.

Invited book reviews can be published. Manuscripts include the title of the book reviewed, author(s) and editor(s) of the book, printer and publisher (city, state and country), total pages, ISBN number, followed by the text and the reviewer with affiliation.

Title page: Provide the full title of the article, a short one for use as a running head, and full names and affiliations of all the authors. Titles should be short and descriptive. If some of the authors have different affiliations, place numbers as superscripts1, 2, 3 ... after the surname of the authors and before the name of their affiliations. Place an asterisk (*) after the name of the corresponding author. At the bottom of the title page, give the name, telephone and fax numbers, and e-mail address of the corresponding author.
Abstract and Keywords: On a separate page, the abstract should provide a clear and succinct statement (at least 100 words, but not more than 250 words) and should be intelligible in itself. Authors should avoid nonstandard abbreviations, unfamiliar terms and symbols and references. Keywords should be given at the end of the abstract in 5 to 8 words or phrases. Keywords should ideally differ from the words used in the title.
Introduction: The introduction should supply sufficient background knowledge and information to allow the reader to understand and evaluate the value of the study. It must also provide a rationale for the study. Cite references to provide the most salient background rather than an exhaustive review of the topic.
Materials and Methods: All material examined should be listed in a similar format: Localities should be cited in order of increasing precision as in the examples, along with the collector. Sufficient information that will make it possible to repeat the work should provided. For modification of a published methodology, only the modification needs to be described with a reference to the source of the method. Information regarding statistical analysis of the data should be included. The source of special equipment or chemicals should also be given with the name and location of manufacturers, e.g., (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) or (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA). For “Short communications”, the Materials and Methods section should be included at the end of the Introduction without a heading.
Results: The results should be presented succinctly and completely. New taxa or synonyms should be clearly marked as n. gen., n. sp., n. syn., or n. comb. Author has to announce Korean name about newly added species, genus or other taxa in Korean fauna trough the footnote and place an asterisk (*) at the front of name of the new species or taxon. If two or more taxon are newly reported, place numbers as superscripts beside asterisk. In a synonym list, the page number is noted after the colon (:), not the page abbreviation (p or pp): e.g., Albus typical Kim, 1991: 91(type locality: Korea, Gangwon-do, Mt. Baegunsan, holotype ♂, YSUW); Choi, 1993: 102. When necessary, appropriate type information (e.g., type locality, type specimen(s), type depository) is supplemented for an original description in the synonymy. For a new species description, complete collection and rearing data for the holotype and paratypes, and the depository must be specified as follows: Holotype, ♂, Korea: Gangwon-do, Jeongseon-gun, Yoryang-myeon, Mt. Panryun-san Forest, 22 Sep 1984, Hong GD (NSM). Paratypes, 1♂ 2♀, Taiwan: Chitou, 12 May 1985, Hardy J (USNM).
Discussion: The discussion should include a concise statement of the principal findings, discussion of the significance of the work, and appraisal of the findings in the light of other published works dealing with the same or a closely related organism. Redundant description of material in the introduction and results, and extensive discussion of literature are discouraged.
Acknowledgments: Contributions to the article that do not merit co-authorship, such as administrative support, technical assistance, critical reviews of the manuscript, and financial support, should be recognized here.
References: References should be cited in the text at the appropriate places. All references cited in the text should be listed at the end of the text, and arranged in alphabetical order according to the name of the first author. Journal titles should be provided in full. Text citations to references should be styled as, e.g., Kim and Park (2010); (Kim and Park, 2010); Davis et al. (1979). The use of “in preparation”, “submitted for publication” or “personal communication” is not allowed in the reference list. “Unpublished data” and “personal communication” should appear parenthetically following the name(s) in the text.

Park E, Kim B, Won YJ, 2010. The complete mitochondrial genome of Dendronephthya gigantea (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Nephtheidae). Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 26:197-201.
Arakawa R, Nakamura M, Kanimus K, 1988. Laboratory colonization of Anopheles omorii (Diptera: Culicidae). Japanese Journal of Applied Zoology, 39:347-353 (in Japanese).

Cambell RC, 1989. Statistics for biologists. 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 59-61.

Davis BN, 1978. Urbanization and the diversity of insects. In: Diversity of insect faunas (Eds., Mound LA, Wjoloff N). Royal Entomological Society, London, pp. 126-138.

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2011. About ZooBank [Internet]. International Commission on Zoo- logical Nomenclature, London, Accessed 6 Feb 2011, http://www.zoobank.org/About.aspx

Conover JT, Sieburth JN, 1966. Effect of tannins excreted from Phaeophyta on planktonic animal survival in tide pools. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Seaweed Symposium (Eds., Young EG, McLachlan JL), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 99-100.

Edwards MS, 2001. Scale-dependent patterns of community regulation in giant kelp forests. PhD dissertation, Universi- ty of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA, pp. 1-149.
Na KB, 2004. Taxonomy of the Chironomidae (Diptera, Insecta) in Seoul-Gyeonggi area, Korea. MS thesis, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Korea, p. 100.
Tables: Tables should be as simple as possible, to be intelligible without requiring references to the text. Each table should have a concise heading, should be typed on a separate sheet of paper, and must have an explanatory title and sufficient explanatory material. All tables should be referred to in the text, and their approximate position indicated in the margin of the manuscript. Ruling in tables, especially vertical or oblique lines, should be avoided.
The table function in MS Word should be used to build tables so that the cells can be easily re-sized to fit the page by the typesetters. The Tab key should never be used to type tables, nor should the space bar be used to adjust spaces. This must be corrected before submission. It is recommended that a table not exceed one page when printed. Use lowercase letters in superscripts a, b, c ... for special remarks.
Figures: All figures should be termed “Figures” (not “Plates,” although “Plates” are allowed in the supplements) and labeled with numbers. Within each figure, labels should begin from A, B, C, a, b, c,---. Lettering and symbols to appear on each drawing should be at the same points in each image. The conventions for abbreviations used in the journal should be noted so that the usage in illustrations and text are consistent. All figures should be cited in the text (e.g., Fig. 1, Fig. 1A-C, Figs. 1, 2, Figs. 1, 2A-D). The preferred location of the figures can be indicated in the text.
Photographs and illustrations should be prepared professionally Six hundred dpi or higher for photographs and illustrations are recommended. But, color and halftone photographs produced at 300 dpi or higher can be accepted. Line drawings must be produced at 600 dpi or higher resolution. Photographs must be of sufficient contrast to withstand the inevitable loss of contrast and detail during the printing process. If a figure is to be reduced, all elements, including labels, should be able to withstand reduction and remain legible. Electron and light microscopic figures must be original or scanned copies from the original. The magnification should be indicated on each micrograph with a scale bar.

Nomenclature must be in agreement with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (4th edition 1999; http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted-sites/iczn/code/), which came into force on 1 January 2000. When using a scientific name of a genus and species for the first time in a taxonomic paper, it should be written in full with author and year. Thereafter, the genus can be indicated by its initial letter except at the start of a sentence, and the author and date can be omitted. If a reference is placed immediately after a scientific name, it should be made clear in some way that the reference is not the author of the scientific name: e.g., Albus typical sensu Kim, 1991, or Albus typical (see Kim, 1991). Taxonomic descriptions should be in telegraphic style. When a new taxon is described, its detailed type data should be clearly stated.

Homidia social Denis, 1929 (Figs. 1B, C5)
Homidia social Denis, 1929: 310, figs. 1-4; Yosil, 1942: 487, fig. 10; Stach, 1965: 359, Pl. 32, figs. 1-6; Christiansen and Bellinger, 1980: 884, fig. 727.
If necessary, appropriate type data or additional information could be included, with the references in the synonym list (e.g., Albus typical Kim, 1991: 91 (type locality: Korea, Gangwondo, holotype ♂, YSUW); Choi, 1993 (subsequent description); Choi and Kim, 2000 (in Korean catalog)).

The Guidelines for the Romanization of Korean Localities should be followed (http://roman.cs.pusan.ac.kr/input.aspx), but the most recent official English names should be used for non-Korean localities.

Authors should explicitly mention the database abbreviation (as mentioned below) together with the actual database number, bearing in mind that an error in a letter or number can result in a dead link in the online version of the article. The follow- ing format should be used: Database accession no: xxxx. e.g., (GenBank accession no: AB123456).

Standard metric units are used for describing length, height, weight, and volume. The unit of temperature is given in degrees Celsius (℃). All others are in terms of the International System of Units (SI). All units must be preceded by one space except percentage (%) and temperature (℃).

In the text, numbers should be Arabic numerals, except when beginning a sentence. Numbers greater than 999 should have commas, e.g., 13,970. The 24-hour system is used to indicate time, e.g., 18:00 hr.

Abbreviations must be used as an aid to the reader, rather than as a convenience of the author, and therefore their use should be limited. Generally, abbreviations that are used less than 3 times in the text, including tables and figure legends, should be avoided. In addition to abbreviations for SI units, common mo- lecular, chemical, immunological, and hematological terms can be used without definition in the title, abstract, text, tables, and figure legends, e.g., bp, kb, kDa, DNA, cDNA, RNA, mRNA, PCR. Other common abbreviations are as follows (the same abbreviations are used for plural forms): hr (hour; use 0-24:00 hr for time), sec (second), min (minute), day (not abbreviated), week (not abbreviated), month (not abbreviated), year (not abbreviated), L (liter), mL (milliliter), μL (microliter), g (gram), kg (kilogram), mg (milligram), μg (microgram), ng (nanogram), pg (picogram), g (gravity; not × g), n (sample size), SD (standard deviation of the mean), and SE (standard error of the mean).

After the paper has been accepted for publication, the author(s) should submit the final version of the manuscript. The names and affiliations of the authors should be double-checked, and if the originally submitted image files were of poor resolution, higher resolution image files should be submitted at this time. Color images must be created as CMYK files. The electronic original should be sent with appropriate labeling and arrows. The EPS, TIFF, Adobe Photoshop (PSD), JPEG, and PPT formats are preferred for submission of digital files of photographic images. Symbols (e.g., circles, triangles, squares), letters (e.g., words, abbreviations), and numbers should be large enough to be legible on reduction to the journal’s column widths. All of the symbols must be defined in the figure caption. If the symbols are too complex to appear in the caption, they should appear on the illustration itself, within the area of the graph or diagram, not to the side. If references, tables, or figures are moved, added, or deleted during the revision process, they should be renumbered to reflect such changes so that all tables, references, and figures are cited in numeric order.

Before publication, the manuscript editor may correct the manuscript such that it meets the standard publication format. The author(s) must respond within 2 days when the manuscript editor contacts the author for revisions. If the response is delayed, the manuscript’s publication may be postponed to the next issue.

The author(s) will receive the final version of the manuscript as a PDF file. Upon receipt, within 3 days, the editorial office (or printing office) must be notified of any errors found in the file. Any errors found after this time are the responsibility of the author(s) and will have to be corrected as an erratum.

The page charge is US $40 per printed page. No off-prints will be provided, but authors who want off-prints can request them with their own expense. Waivers can be offered to students, retired scientists, and scientists working in low-income countries, if they are sole authors of a manuscript.